Final Exam Essay

Final Exam Essay Final Exam Essay Chapter 11 – Simple linear regression Types of Regression Models (Sec. 11-1) Linear Regression: - Outcome of Dependent Variable (response) for ith experimental/sampling unit - Level of the Independent (predictor) variable for ith experimental/sampling unit - Linear (systematic) relation between Yi and Xi (aka conditional mean) - Mean of Y when X=0 (Y-intercept) - Change in mean of Y when X increases by 1 (slope) - Random error term Note that and are unknown parameters. We estimate them by the least squares method. Polynomial (Nonlinear) Regression: This model allows for a curvilinear (as opposed to straight line) relation. Both linear and polynomial regression are susceptible to problems when predictions of Y are made outside the range of the X values used to fit the model. This is referred to as extrapolation. Least Squares Estimation (Sec. 11-2) 1. Obtain a sample of n pairs (X1,Y1)†¦(Xn,Yn). 2. Plot the Y values on the vertical (up/down) axis versus their corresponding X values on the horizontal (left/right) axis. 3. Choose the line that minimizes the sum of squared vertical distances from observed values (Yi) to their fitted values ( ) Note: 4. b0 is the Y-intercept for the estimated regression equation 5. b1 is the slope of the estimated regression equation Measures of Variation (Sec. 11-3) Sums of Squares ï‚ § Total sum of squares = Regression sum of squares + Error sum of squares ï‚ § Total variation = Explained variation + Unexplained variation ï‚ § Total sum of squares (Total Variation): ï‚ § Regression sum of squares (Explained Variation): ï‚ § Error sum of squares (Unexplained Variation): Coefficients of Determination and Correlation Coefficient of Determination ï‚ § Proportion of variation in Y â€Å"explained† by the regression on X ï‚ § Coefficient of Correlation ï‚ § Measure of the direction and strength of the linear association between Y and X ï‚ § Standard Error of the Estimate (Residual Standard Deviation) ï‚ § Estimated standard

How to Manage Finances after College

How to Manage Finances after College Youve finished college and now you can learn the true meaning of adulthood: working hard and paying the bills. Its easy to think that youve recently graduated and may start worrying about money later. The problem with later, though, that it may never come. Soon youll find out that your life is far from that financial paradise you awaited. To avoid this situation, you need to know how to manage money after college. Here are some great tips that will help you stay on the right track. Have a Clear Sense of Monthly Expenses After college, youre going to have a lot of new expenses. Usually, they include the rent, food, clothes, utilities, transportation, and entertainment. You need to conduct some research to find out the cost of living: Figure out the average rent in your area and find information about how much it costs to share an apartment with a friend. Estimate how much money you need on food. Take your dietary habits into account. Determine the transportation costs. If you have a car, you do know how much money you need to use it every month. Think about what it costs to live in general. Consider purchases, gifts, cell phone, entertainment, etc. Once you have a clear understanding of where you stand and your monthly expenses, you can start creating a budget. 2. Make a Budget and Stick to It Getting used to living on a budget is a great habit for future. Creating a budget is the first step to your financial responsibility, thats why you need to take it seriously. Mapping up a budget will allow you to live within your means and avoid impulsive purchases. Once you have a list of your monthly expenses, you can start cutting some of them and find cheaper options to save some money. Remember that in creating your budget, it is important to start with the most essential things. Its always wise to limit entertainment and eating out if you feel that you cant stick to your financial plan. 3. Take Your Student Loans Seriously Paying off student loans can be daunting, but you shouldnt ignore these expenses. It is important to pay at least a minimum amount every month, and even a bit more if its possible. The secret is: the more you pay now, the less youll need to pay later! If you struggle with payment, think about choosing another payment plan. You can also ask a lender if it has forbearance program or can offer you another payment plan. There is always a way out, just make sure to pay your student loans on time and include these expenses into your monthly budget. 4. Save Money to Cover Unexpected Expenses You may think that you plan your expenses and try to stick to your budget, so you are set for life. But then something happens and you need an extra thousand dollars. Car crash, illness, moving costs the reasons can be various. How to get that much- needed cash? The answer is to save money in advance to have an emergency fund if necessary. Most people think that saving is something they can do later. But if you start saving right after college, you would be surprised at how much youll have in a couple of years. Therefore, make certain to have a room in your budget to be ready for any situation in future. 5. Plan for Your Retirement Wait, you just finished college and found a job and you need to think about your retirement? It may sound a bit weird, but yes. Retirement plans are crucial when you are still in your 20s. The earlier you begin saving, the better your future will be. Make sure to take this aspect of financial planning seriously and start contributing right away. Its never too early to start saving for retirement. The last advice to help you manage finances: Never spend more than you earn and always live within your means. May the wind always be at your back!

Law case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law case - Essay Example Beth's profits fell alarmingly. Beth advised Morris that financially she could no longer continue with the agreement and would have to close the business. Further, she accused Morris of knowing that the competitor was about to open up and therefore she was commencing legal action to rescind the contract based on fraudulent misrepresentation. Morris contacted Beth and made the following comments: "I absolutely deny your accusation. By my reckoning you still owe me $55,000. However, if you continue with the agreement I'll reduce that amount to $35,000." Beth accepted the deal. Six (6) months later Beth landed a huge contract laminating all the posters for a chain of tourist attractions along the north coast of New South Wales. Beth's profits have soared. Morris is now demanding that the original contract price be complied with (i.e. Beth pays the remaining $55,000). This discussion is going to specifically deal with what a valid contract contains, because if these elements are essential to determining a valid contract. This is done from a sale of goods perspective; however the basics are the same whatever the type of contract. Finally this discussion will stress the importance of these elements and the necessity for all three, i.e. agreement, consideration and intention, to be present or the contract is void or voidable. The first element that will be dealt with is the notion of agreement between the seller and the buyer. This element contains the ingredients of offer and acceptance. The notion of a valid offer has to be distinguished from a mere invitation to treat, for example goods in a store on display is a mere invitation to treat and an offer happens until the buyer takes the goods to the sales person and it is the discretion of the sales person to accept the individual's offer to buy. The sale of goods concerns a bilateral agreement whic h consists of an exchange of promises, i.e. Item on sale for 10.00 (Invitation to Treat); Item taken to till which equates to - I will buy this item for 10 pounds (Offer); 10 pounds asked for by sales person (Acceptance); hence important with the sales of goods, when it comes to the standing of an advertisement or goods display or the communication of acceptance because there has to be an exchange of promises as opposed to the offeror alone making a promise and the acceptance is the act that the offeror has promised to pay for (unilateral agreement), i.e. rewards for lost items returned to the offeror. Therefore the sale of goods concerns a bilateral agreement, where two promises are exchanged as the offer and acceptance. An offer is a clear promise to be bound, as long as terms are accepted. A valid offer must be clearly communicated by writing, mouth or act in order to allow the other person or group of persons1 to decline or accept. In relation to sales of goods there is no requi rement for the agreement and offer to be in writing, as with the sale of property; however the offer has to be certain in its terminology and must be clearly distinguishable from an invitation to treat. In respect to certainty of terms both parties must make their intentions clear, as the courts will not enforce a vague agreement2 or an incomplete agreement3; in addition it has to be more than a wish to enter negotiations, which the individual does not want to be bound (invitation to treat)4. Therefore the elements of a valid

Assessment Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessment Tools - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the Mobile Interaction Chart (MIF) is a flow chart used for the identification of older people who are prone to falling. It includes the observation of mobility level and ‘Stops Walking when Talking,’ the ‘DiffTUG, a test of vision and a rating of concentration. Having these complete details of observation makes valid information for the assessment. It is designed in order to evaluate older people living in residential areas and could be applied to older males and females, 65 years old and above. This assessment has been applied by the Department of Community Medicine as well as rehabilitation Physiotherapy and Geriatric Medicine (Sweden) and tested to be quick, easy and requires no expensive facilities.This paper outlines that Peter James Centre Fall Risk Assessment Tool also known as PJC-FRAT, is a new instrument which is designed in order to obtain a baseline fall risk assessment. This PJC-FRAT is used in a sub-acute rehabil itation setting and have been tried to male and female patients, 38-99 years old (average 80 years). It is a long term process that could be used by a team. Â  It can identify intervention that will prevent the patients from falling. According to Strudwick in terms of convenience and simplicity, this multidisciplinary tool is close to ideal since it can be easily incorporated to the nurses’ workflow and can be fitted into the routine duties without difficulty.... It is designed in order to evaluate older people living in residential areas and could be applied to older males and females, 65 years old and above. This assessment has been applied by the Department of Community Medicine as well as rehabilitation Physiotherapy and Geriatric Medicine (Sweden) and tested to be quick, easy and requires no expensive facilities. This tool could help nurses to deliver good and quality health care even in the residential areas where they deal with numerous older people in the absence expensive facilities and available resources. PJC-FRAT TOOLS Peter James Centre Fall Risk Assessment Tool also known as PJC-FRAT, is a new instrument which is designed in order to obtain a baseline fall risk assessment. This PJC-FRAT is used in a sub-acute rehabilitation setting and have been tried to male and female patients, 38-99 years old (average 80 years). It is a long term process that could be used by a team. It can identify intervention that will prevent the patients from falling. According to Strudwick (2006) in terms of convenience and simplicity, this multidisciplinary tool is close to ideal since it can be easily incorporated to the nurses' workflow and can be fitted into the routine duties without difficulty. Watson's Theory of Human Caring Patient-nurse interactions are involved in this theory. A phenomenon which is intrinsic to the core of nursing in 10-1tem "carative factors" framework was initially conceptualized by Watson. The framework was changed over time, from carative to "caritas," as the theory's merging elements which means love and caring, were transformed into deep interpersonal caring. Its framework tenets include humanistic-altruistic values; presence of faith-hope;

Desperation to help Catherine Essay Example for Free

Desperation to help Catherine Essay Manliness is a belief that you are a man, and for any one else to be a man too, they should be somewhat like you. Hostility is open hatred and enmity. These two are linked when a man believes that he is a true man, and he sees another man as not being a true man, and so he openly hates him as he is not a right person. This happens in the play as Eddie feels he is a man; however he doesnt think Rodolpho is a true man as he does not have the right priorities, and gets involved in feminine tasks. In this way, manliness and hostility are connected. This hostility can lead to aggression as aggression is hostile behaviour or actions. This hostility can lead to aggress as hostility is hatred, and if someone hates any other person, but this person does not react back with hatred, the person begins to get frustrated and angry; and his aggression builds up. This is shown in the play when Eddie continually tries to deprive and show Rodolpho down, yet Rodolpho never reacts back with hostility. We see there is only one time in the play, where Rodolpho tries to help Eddie to stop embarrassing himself; and tries to make Eddie stop insulting his going-to-be wife. He flings an attack onto Eddie through his desperation to help Catherine. This shows us that even Rodolpho has some aggression within him, and also shows us that when you are faced with hostility, you can also have a build of aggression within you. These two are connected in the ways shown. Manliness and aggression are linked by several strings. Manliness, as Eddie believes is power, and the only way for him to express his power is by using aggression. Due to his lack of emotions, he finds it hard to express what he wants to say, and so it is a natural instinct for him to use aggression to get his message across. Manliness is the belief that you are the dominant member, in any circumstance. However when we have more than one person fighting for this right, aggression becomes involved as it is the only way to show which is stronger and thus which one deserves that role. This is shown throughout Act Two, as Eddies power declines due to Marcos manliness. In each Eddie, Marco and Rodolpho, Miller gifts them with unique qualities which the audience can admire. In Eddie it is clear that Miller has given him the gift of self belief. Eddie did what he believed was right throughout the play, even though this led to his death. Miller uses Alfieris speech at the end to indicate this; but himself purely, for he allowed himself to be wholly known Eddie also cared very much about his family, especially his niece. He loved her so much, that due to his manliness, he could not resist his sexual desire for her; however he tried his hardest to do so, and he was successful, until Rodolpho arrived. The jealously within Eddie had reached such a high level along with his aggression shown by the stage directions, He looks at [Catherine] like a lost boy as he realised that all his life, he has loved someone very much, taken complete care of her. He even worked extra time to buy her stenography, because he wanted her to move up a class; but now a man who aint right has just stolen her from him. This quality, the quality of devotion to your family, and caring of everyone who is in it, even if they are not your own children, is one than should also be admired in Eddie. This quality is also significant in Marcos character. Marco loves his family very much and has sacrificed his home to risk his life to migrate to America in order to earn some money so that he can send back to them; who can live a happier life than before. This is shown when Marco says, what can I do? The older one is sick in the chest. My wife she feeds them from her own mouth they will never grow up they eat the sunshine. He also is protective of Rodolpho as he knows he is weaker than him, and as he is his brother, it is his duty to help him. When this scene took place, it was a key moment as Eddie understood that if he should pick on someone his own size. Another quality which would have been much admired would be Marcos politeness, as well as his straightforwardness and simplicity. This is shown, as mentioned before, when he says to Eddie, when you say we go, we go. This shows us that he has respect for them as they are letting his and his brother stay in their house, but as soon as they feel they need to have their house back he and Rodolpho will leave. It is also a symbol of politeness, and indicated his straightforwardness. Rodolpho has the quality of being unique. He was very different, appearance, character and belief wise compared to most men in the Sicilian era. A quality which should be admired is his persistent politeness even when other people mainly Eddie are rude to him. He always tries to uplift a dull conversation and he is the kind of person who always wants happiness. He does not change his uniqueness to be just like everyone else as like Eddie, he also things that what he believes in is right. As this is a play, I will discuss that several, very effective dramatic techniques used by Miller. He has created this play which in many aspects would have shocked a number of the audience members at the time it will performed. Certain stage directions would have indicated sexually attraction or desire at that time, however when read now; it may not strike any significance. For example when Catherine lights a cigar for him Eddie or when we hear of how she sits on the bath as he shaves and walks around in her slip, we are being told about their relationship. These actions tell us that even without being lovers; they have the kind of intimacy only lovers should have. This would have been an explicit piece of evidence that there was some sort of sexual relationship between the uncle and the niece, however depending on interpretation by the actors, this moment many have more or less sexual undertones. However, this is not of much importance, but the symbolism of other parts of the play is. If we look carefully at the ending of the play, we say a lot of minute dramatic effects which have a lot of importance. Earlier in the play, we see that Eddie pays a lot of attention to the story of Vinnie Bolzano. Miller uses this technique so that the audience are certain of how much Eddie hates betrayal, and also to show us his belief in loyalty to family and community. However Eddie does exactly the opposite of what he was preaching, and this enables the audience to see how much his manliness, hostility and aggression changed him and his beliefs. When the Officers arrive, and take all four immigrants away, including two other submarines who stayed with the Laiparis, on the apartment above Eddies , Miller shows us in his stage directions that Louise barely turns then walks off and exits down right with Mike, only Beatrice is left on the stoop. This symbolises that Eddie is now alone. Lipari and his wife, Louis and Mike, the stage representatives of the wider community, one by one leave Eddie alone, symbolizing his isolation. We then see another very important dramatic technique used by Miller. Miller makes Eddie remove the knife, and this is so that now Marco can justify whatever actions follow. This makes some people feel that Miller was slightly more partial towards Marco. When Eddie lunges the knife, Marco grabs Eddies arm and turns the blade inward. However this action has more depth that what it seems to have at first. It tells us that Eddie literally dies by his own hand as his hand holds the knife, and thus he is killed by his own weapon, however it can metaphorically stand for the gradual deterioration of himself throughout the play itself. We then read that Eddie falls to his knees before Marco. This technique shows the audience that the better man won, and also shows us Marcos manliness, hostility and aggression. It symbolises the downfall of Eddies authority and power, and the rise of Marcos. In certain cases, what Miller has written and instructed can be interpreted differently depending of different factors. This is mentioned above, where Catherine light the cigar for Eddie. Another thing the Miller puts in the play is the definite variation in the way each character speaks. I will briefly go through the syntax of each character. Eddie speaks in the syntax of Red Hook, generally like most men in Brooklyn a low class neighbourhood. It is clear that he is not very well educated as he uses a lot of slang words and his the way he says words is shown by Miller, for example he says, bowin, goin, slidin, stayin and so on; instead of the full words which proves the point. Beatrice and Catherine speak almost the same syntax, but the feminine type, which in some cases is very much similar. For example Catherine says to Eddie, we wasnt goin and Beatrice uses wanna several times. This indicates the similarity to Eddies syntax. Marco speaks relatively little throughout Act One and through most of Act Two. Miller tries to show the audience that Marco finds it hard to understand and speak English as fluently as Rodolpho. He may be insinuating the difference in intelligence between the two brothers one who is very similar to Eddie. Marco speaks very simply, but says what he wants to say straightforwardly this represents his general character as throughout the play we do not see he speak a lot but we understand his character just as well as the others. His English language is very basic but understandable which backs up the point that Marco is thoughtful, and that he is a man of action, rather than words. Rodolpho on the other hand speaks unnatural exactness. He uses a variety of words and all his words are English but the phrases are not always idiomatic. This is shown to the audience when he first recalls vivid details of his life in Sicily. He describes them with accurate words which give us the impression that he is well-educated. In some cases he also gives poetic comparisons, sown when he compares Catherine to a little bird that has not been allowed to fly. Alfieri is the only character in the play that we see speaks in formal American-English. This is probably as Miller has included him in the play as he said that he wanted to make this play a modern equivalent of classical Greek tragedy. If we look at ancient plays, an essential part or it was that of the chorus. These were a group of figures who would watch the action, comment on it, and address the audience directly. This is basically what Alfieri does. He introduces the action as a retelling of events already in the recent past. By giving details of place, date or time, he enables the action to move swiftly from one episode to another, without the characters having to give this information. This makes the play run much ore smoothly, and more effectively and if for some reason the audience did not understand what had just happened, Alfieri gives a summary at the end of each act. This is how Miller uses Alfieris American-English to help in the play, and it also shows us what role he had, apart from being a Lawyer.

Report On Westside Gym :: Papers

Report On Westside Gym Introduction This report will be research and development of a gym called â€Å"Westside Health & Fitness Club†. I will talk about the location of the gym, price per customer, offers, new ways to improve the gym, and research into what the customer wants. This report aims to use research and development to create innovative ideas that will set this gym apart from others in the area. Findings With regards to the location of the gym, the evidence suggests that the location is well placed, due to the easy accessibility of the facilities. It is also located next to a supermarket, so can be seen by many shoppers. Place is an essential tool of the marketing mix and if achieved a business can do extremely well for itself. Price is also an essential tool of the marketing mix. A survey showed that 81% thought that the price of the gym was fair for the quality of service that is received by the customers. The other 19% believed the price was too high but were willing to pay for the facilities. A good pricing strategy is a must for a business to succeed, too high and customers will go elsewhere for the service. Too low and the business may not make enough profit to succeed in the long term. Cost of Gym Membership: Student Rate Adult Rate Joining Fee  £40.00  £50.00 Monthly payment  £28.95  £38.95 Pay As You Go  £2.50  £5.

Hamlet is known to be the most popular play written by Shakespeare Essay

Hamlet is known to be the most popular play written by Shakespeare. It is also, by a significant margin, the longest of Shakespeare’s plays. It has been translated to many languages and has become the subject of excited and critical debate more than any other work of literature. The play was written around 1602 or 1603 at a period of time when Elizabethan London was a melting pot of unique intellectual and artistic ferment. For Shakespeare at the turn of the century, when he addressed himself to the Hamlet story, contradiction and the uncertainty of attitude towards revenge would have been part of the air he breathed. He must also have been familiar with a considerable body of literature in which revenge was a central concern. Hamlet must have been written shortly after Julius Caesar (1599), another revenge play. At two moments in Hamlet the killing of Caesar is remembered. Julius Caesar had contained a vengeful ghost. Hamlet complicates the story by directing attention to three linked father-and-son pairs: old Hamlet and the prince who has inherited his name but not his kingdom, old Fortinbras and a son whose situation is similar to that of Hamlet but whose character is very different, Polonius and Laertes. All three fathers die by violence. All three sons feel responsible to take revenge, but the response of each to his task is completely different. There is also the absorbing debate about sexuality and sexual morality. As society continues to change the nature of that debate shifts but the basic issues dealt with in Hamlet remain fundamental to man and this is perhaps the reason why a four hundred year old text in Elizabethan English continues to excite people from so many different cultures and ideologies. Act 3 Scene 4 takes place in Gertrude’s closet. Here a series of fast paced events takes place. Hamlet â€Å"speaking daggers† to his mother, Polonius murdered accidentally, Hamlet’s second and final meeting with the ghost, the re-joining of the mother-son bond all fall under this scene. Shakespeare makes this scene very important through the use of language, style, setting etc. This scene follows the ‘play within a play’ performed by the players in Act 3 Scene 3. Hamlet had used the play to â€Å"catch the conscience of the King. † Hamlet aims to get both the King and Queen’s conscience through the play. He gets her by questioning â€Å"Madam, how do you like this play? † showing how he wants to make her feel guilty. Act 3 Scene 4 is somewhat a continuation of his quest to free his mother from her incestuous sin. It also follows Claudius’ plotting with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to kill Hamlet in England and Polonius’ plan to spy on Hamlet when he approaches his mother in the closet. The scene begins as a kind of dramatic parallel to Act 3 Scene 1: Polonius eavesdropping, Gertrude speaking to her son. As before with Ophelia Hamlet comes face to face with somebody to whom he was once close to but from whom he has been deliberately separated. The murder of King Hamlet and the marriage of Queen Gertrude all are the cause of this break-up. The discussion between mother and son, the only extended one in the play, concentrates upon how her sexual lust has led her to leave her â€Å"wholesome brother† for â€Å"a mildewed ear†. This is the only scene where mother and son are alone (excluding Polonius). Hence Shakespeare is able to bring out Hamlet’s feelings and opinions about his mother’s incestuous crime. His opening lines itself show his mockery of the rhythm and the words of her reprimand. Hamlet turns the finger of accusation to her; he turns the tables on her through his language. † Queen: Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended. Hamlet: Mother, you have my father much offended. Queen: Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue. Hamlet: Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue. † Hamlet also makes his purpose clear: â€Å"You go not till I set you up on a glass where you may see the innermost part of you†.

Chisti Dargah Essay

In Ajmer city, there is a Dargah Shriff of Hazrat Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti which is indeed an ornament to this city. A holiest place where not only Muslims but other caste people also visit as it is a place of worship for them. Since Khwaja Saheb came to India, he enjoys great respect and devotion universally and known as a ‘Living Spirit† of Harmony and peace. He considered as a redeemer of human suffering and one of the greatest spirits. He has been a source of moral strength and enlightenment of spirituality. Both Hindu and Muslim are faithful and worshipers of Khwaja Saheb. Not only common man, even many mighty kings of Hindustan (India) have worshiped and submitted their self to this great saint. There are precious buildings and various rich charities dedicated to the Dargah of Khwaja Saheb. These are living memorials given by the people of India in the memory of Khwaja Saheb from 750 years. The Dargah is at extream north of Taragarh Hill and here it has the tomb of the great saint. The tomb is main attraction of the Dargah and considered as sanctum of the Dargah. There are amny other prominent attraction which also catches the eyes of visitors as soon as they visit the Dargah. There are two Buland Darwaza, which were built under the vision of Sultan of Malwa, Sultan Ghyasuddin Khilji. He ruled Malwa from 1469 to 1500 A.D. There is another Buland Darwaza(now uses as main entrance) in the north of the Dargah, it was built by H.E.H. Nisam Usman Ali Khan of Hyderabad Deccan in 1915 A.D. It was built at a cost of Rs. 55,857/-. On the top of this Buland Darwaza, there is the main Naqqar Khana (drum house) containing two pairs of huge naqqars (beating drums). These were gifted by Emperor Akbar after his successful victory in a campaign of Bengal. These naqqars (beating drums) are sounded to the accompaniment of music played on Nafeeries and Shahnias. These are sounded only at certain fixed hours of every day and night of the year only by musicians permanent employees of the Dargah. There are many other attractive buildings, tombs, courtyards and Daalaans in the Dargah, Some of which are excellent examples of the Moghul architecture and were erected during the Moghul period. Akbar (the first Moghul Emperor who visited Dargah) visited the Dargah on foot when Ajmer came under his possession. There is a Akbari Masjid in the Dargah built in 1571 A.d. by  Akbar which is a spacious mosque (140Ãâ€"140) feet. Later It was repaired in 1901 A.D. by Nawab Ghafoor Ali of Danapur. As per given on the Website of Dargah Shrine Dargah Shrief, a place where wishes and desires come true. Devotees from all over the world visit this Dargah to be blessed by Khawaja Baba and to fulfill their desires. More often than not their wishes do come true and the wish fulfillment is usually followed by devotees offering flowers, gilaf (velvet cloth), ittar (non-alcoholic perfume) and sandal wood powder. Besides these offerings they also recite Quran, Nafal Namaz, Milad and Aayat-e-Karima and Khatam Khawajgan. Services provided by Dargah Shrine: * Sufies, Dervash and Aulia Allah started the custom of arranging Langars (free distribution of food for all the makhlooks (mankind) and this is now considered as one of the biggest charity one can offer. We arrange Langar, which includes one deg of biryani that can feed 70 people. Note: This should not be included as part of Zakat money. * We make it possible for you to participate in all the activities of Dargah Sharief. The activities include milad, khatam of Quran, special monthly prayers for members etc. This entails becoming a member of our silsila. * Make transport and lodging arrangement, package trips and also offer services of ourguesthouse for free stay. * Make arrangement for donating a room for people visiting the Dargah Sharief We believe Khawaja Baba’s blessings can cure any disease, business or personal problems. If you have any problem please tell us we will pray to lmighty Allah and he will listen out prayer with the blessing of Khawaja Gharib Nawaz R.A. THE MISSION OF KHAWAJA SAHIB It is a well-known historical fact that in spreading the ethical and spiritual values of Islam, major and effective contributions have been made by the walis of Allah (saints). It was their humanistic disposition and pity, which won over the hearts of lakhs of people. They made a direct contact with the masses, served and loved them, lived with them in the realisation of Eternal Truth. Haji Syed Mohammed Sayeed Chishty * The proof of this is more than evident from the history of growth of Islam in India. Although Islam had penetrated in this subcontinent in the first century of Hijra, but the noble task of inspiring the people to its tenets and values in India was accomplished by Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty (R.A.) popularly known as Khwaja Sahib and Khwaja Gharib Nawaz. He did it all through his great moral power, glorious and appealing character, with love and dedication to mankind, without any worldly resources of wealth, power, force and material means. * Khwaja Sahib was a scholar of great repute. He interpreted the true Islamic message of love for mankind and through that, the love for the Almighty creator. He preached the Quranic philosophy of the unity of religion and worked out its potentialities for  the whole humanity. He was the greatest mystic of his time. He laid the foundation of the liberal Chishtia order of sufis in India, and inspired millions of souls to be his followers and thus served the masses of the Indian Sub-continent. Why Ajmer Was Chosen Why Ajmer was only selected to be poineer of Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin Chishti’s mission in India? This is a very general question which may be asked by some critical readers. A microscopic study of the history of India before Khawaja Saheb’s arrival, and of the period of his stay in Ajmer will answer this question successfully. Dargah shrine have already thrown sufficient light on this point, Shrine trace a brief history of Ajmer and the Khawaja Saheb’s Dargah which attracts millions of people every year to seek spiritual blessings of the great saint. Geographically, Ajmer is situated in the heart of Rajasthan, at one time the citadel of India kingdom, and thus it suited the grand mission of Khawaja Saheb best. Politically, Ajmer the seat of a most powerful kingdom of the last Rajput Emperor of India, Raja Prithviraj Chauhan (1179-1192 A.D.) whose whole life was â€Å"one of unbroken chain of chivalrous deeds and glorious exploits which have won for him eternal fame and a name that will last as long as chivalry itself.† Prithviraj was the son of Someshwara (1170-1179 A.D.) who was the 29th descendant in the lineage of King Vasudeva who flourished as far back as 551 A.D. Vasudeva has descended from Chahuan (the founder of the Rajput clan of Chauhans) whose date is untraceable in the description of Ajmer. As given in Sarga IX of the famous documentary â€Å"Prithviraj Vijaya†, runs as below:- The city was so densely populated and there were so many gardens, tanks and wells that not more than one-tenth of the earth was visible to sun, and water in the wells was only two cubits from the ground surface. Karpurdevi (mother of Prithviraj) under whose regency he was brought up also founded a town†. Describing Ajmer in his â€Å"Picturesque India† (p.77) Mr. Caine, says:- â€Å"It is an ancient, beautiful city full of interest, both historical and architectural; its gay busy bazars and its old houses with carved fronts, some of which are among the finest in India, giving added attractions to its superb situation. A well-built stone wall with give gateways surrounds the city†. Source: – http://www.dargahajmer.com/a_about.htm

spelling pronunciation - definition and examples

spelling pronunciation - definition and examples Definition The use of a pronunciation that is based on spelling rather than in accordance with a words conventional pronunciation, such as the increasingly common pronunciation of the once-silent letters t and d in often and Wednesday, respectively. Also called over-enunciation.D.W. Cummings notes that spelling pronunciations are more typical of American English than British English, perhaps because of the national predisposition among Americans to follow the written word more than the spoken (American English Spelling, 1988). The converse of spelling pronunciation is pronunciation spelling: the creation of a new spelling form on the basis of pronunciation. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Allegro SpeechDivergent SpellingSlurvianWanna Construction Examples and Observations Words borrowed from French such as hour, honour, and honest came into English without an initial [h] as did hospital, habit, and heretic, but the latter have acquired an [h] from the spelling. The word herb is pronounced with an [h] and without one (the latter mainly in the US), and though hotel has an initial [h], one still sometimes hears an (h)otel. . . .The traditional pronunciation of forehead is forrid, but it is common nowadays to hear fore-head, particularly in the US. This is an example of reversing a sound change on the basis of spelling. . . .Many people believe that the spelling is a guide to the correct pronunciation and argue, for instance, that it is wrong to include an intrusive r in the idea of it or I saw him, because there is no r in the spelling.(Barry J. Blake, All About Language. Oxford University Press, 2008) Spelling Pronunciation and Language ChangeSpelling pronunciations are one symptom of the shift from the aural to the visual bias. . . . A sampling of spel ling pronunciations provided by [Fred] Householder includes the following, all of which have modern pronunciations that are closer to their spelling than were their older, traditional pronunciations: yesterday, Wednesday, diphtheria, diphthong, harass, kiln, victuals, conch, draught, certain, author, yes, housewife, gold, bomb, jaunt, laundry, sewer (1971, 252-53).Though underestimated, spelling pronunciation is an important and respectable factor in language change. . . . It seems likely that something like spelling pronunciation was part of the process that led to the leveling of dialect differences in late Middle and Early Modern English. Michael Samuels says that the evolution and spread of standard English in the 15th and 16th centuries was primarily through the agency of writing, not speech (1963, 87).(D.W. Cummings,  American English Spelling: An Informal Description. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988) Middle English Spellings and Contemporary PronunciationsSome words have not yet been accorded spelling-pronunciation, the words choler, debt, doubt, receipt, salmon, sceptre, victuals retaining the pronunciation better suggested by the Middle English spellings colere, dette, doute, receite, samon, ceptre, and vitailes. Words of a more literary flavour, e.g. victuals, are now occasionally heard with a spelling-pronunciation, and condemnation of such pronunciations as ignorant will probably not prevent their ultimate universal acceptance.(D. G. Scragg, A History of English Spelling. Manchester University Press, 1974) Pronunciation SpellingA pronunciation spelling is a spelling that more closely reflects the pronunciation of a given word than the words traditional spelling does. Over time the new spelling may become as acceptable as the original spelling, as is the case with the pronunciation spelling bosun for boatswain. Many writers use pronunciation spellings, as wanna for want to o r talkin for talking, to convey speech.(The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style. Houghton Mifflin, 2005)

Free sample - Compare readings. translation missing

Compare readings. Compare readingsHistory of modern times is full of different events and movements, which have been attracting the attention of the publicity for many years already. Those people who are fond of history may find good grounding for numerous discussions and critics. The libraries have a good store of different books and articles related to the historical topic and cinematograph helps the audience to understand completely some problems by means of their screen adaptation. It should be mentioned that political topics and problems of political movements always attract great attention of the readers, as it is exactly politics that is the subject of lively and exciting discussions. Needless to say that the question of equality of men and women in society gives the plot to the numerous movements in different countries. Many politicians made great contribution to the politics of not only their country but the world politics as well. Olympe de Gouges belonged to this kind of politicians. During the period of French Revolution Olympe de Gouge was treated as the voice for women struggling for women’s suffrage. Olympe was struggling for the right of women to vote, as well as for their general equality in society. Being brought up in the society with male domination, Olympe quickly realized all the problems that had to be solved and found the necessary directions to be taken. At that time, the greatest part of men's population regarded themselves advanced to women, and women were afraid to argue with this point of view and contradict it. It was a normal state of affairs although living in such conditions was awesome for women. During the French Revolution, the government had regained its self-assurance and denied to listen to any new demands and necessities for reforms. In its place, it increased political subjugation and police observation. Olympe is rightfully regarded as outstanding and significant person in the history of French suffrage movement. She has the full right to be called the voice of French women. Her thoughts and approach to the freedom of choice and women’s rights that she proposed were really reasonable.   Olympe is the author of the first and one of the most famous documents asserting the necessity of the equity of men and women. One of the main laws that the author tries to promote is the perseverance of all natural and social rights of women. Olympe asserts that all women should enjoy the same rights with men. It concerns every area of social and political life. One of the main statements that the author provides is that woman should have the same political and social rights and bear the same responsibility for every action they may take. According to the point of view of Olympe, there should not be any limitations to women in expressing their views, as the legislation presupposes that everybody has the right for the expression free will, thoughts and actions. The task of Olympe de Gouge was to demonstrate the French government that women also had the same rights as men and there was no right to overlook women’s demands and ideas. Olympe tried to focus on the problem of patri archy, stating that that it limits the liberty and equity of citizens. The material foundation of patriarchy, the control of women's labor, permits men controlling women's right to use to productive resources (Lenner 45). The ability to bear children permits women reproducing patriarchal social relations, comprising intergenerational male-female relationships. Such kind of relations can lead to the misunderstanding within the society.   Women are also the citizens that are able to enjoy the same tights with men and there should not be any limits to this. From her point of view, patriarch structure of society does not lead to anything except the split within the society. Patriarchy, from the point of view of Gauge is not the best way of regime in the government, because men and women should be equal in their rights and should have the same responsibilities (Surhone and Timpledon 25). According to patriarch government only men are responsible for all the available assets and they ca n control the labor of women. Gouges struggled for the conducting of certain type of reforms the main aim of which is to improve life conditions. The first part of reforms, recommended by de Gouges were connected with those to the marriage contract. From her point of view this type of contract was necessary as it could guarantee women the perseverance of their rights and property in case of the diverse. According to the reform of marriage contract, women obtained the right for some property. The contract presupposed that one part of it, that is wife, was entitled with the same rights as the second part that is husband. From her point of view, these reforms could improve the position of women in society and make them equal to men. One more governmental theory under discussion is capitalism and its critique by Karl Marx. From his point of view, this system is not the best for any government and it can only lead to the negative results, as this system is one of inequality and conflict between classes within one society.   Marx is, probably, the most divisive economist in the history of economy. His writings are actively studied and discussed. He was a famous critic of capitalism. He worked at the studying of capitalism comprehensively and much of his writings are concentrated on the problems of capitalism and particularly on the utilization of the worker as the main power of production. By examining the origin of capitalism and the Marxist evaluation of capitalism, we can better understand Marx’s points of view. Capitalism and its studying was the deal of all his life. Marx spent a great part of time studying the change of the feudal society to a new model of society that is to capitalism evaluating its principles, advantages and disadvantages. Before the change to capitalism society took place, there was industrial revolution in England. This revolution influenced practically all the countries of Europe. That is why Russia was not an exception. Capitalist movement and ideas start spreading over the territories of Russia, evoking a great number of for and against issues. Marx takes as the main point the idea that the leading class, the bourgeoisie, takes control over capital, property, the means of manufacture, and hence by addition all those (far more abundant than the bourgeoisie) who compose the laboring class. Indeed, Marx sees equality between capital, property, and the means of manufacture, which are all concentrated in the hands of bourgeoisie. According to Marks, capitalism is a power that can lead to the division of society into two main parts, and can result in the absence of the middle class. According to capitalism as a system of the government, property and means of production belong to bourgeoisie, thus leading to the appearance of conflict within the society. According to Marks, property and means of production should belong to each member of society, in other way such inequity can result in conflicts. Throughout his work, the primary concern of Marx was the rational demolition of capitalism. Although he believed in progressive history and the expected downfall of capitalism, Marx supposed that in destroying the intellectual maintain of capitalism he could speed up its real demise and conduct in a socialist era. Speaking about Marx’s works, many of them can be considered as reactions to the increasing status of the comparatively new sphere of political economy. The views of Marks were based on the principles and ideas of such great economists and philosophers, such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus, whose tolerant theories promoted an addition of precisely the features of capitalism that Marx considered as substandard. Hence, his analysis ranges from attacks on the satisfied moderate basis of capitalism to compound analyses of the economics of the day and of foremost theorists. Marx argued the ideas of capitalism and tried to find as many disadvantages of it as possible. His ideas have a lot of supporters and opponents. According to Marks, the capitalists have increased the ability of workers to perform the work harder, quicker and for longer time periods, but at the same time they have deprived the workers from their personal prosperity coming from the products manufactured by them. So, what was the overcome, according to Marx? He, basically, believed that in order to defeat estrangement, it is necessary to overcome the capitalists. The worker should be paid less then the price of the product manufactured by him. So, in this case we observe the process of exploitation (Marx 36). Marx asserts that what our ability to modify and form the world that surrounds us makes people human. In addition, human beings are very sociable, but under capitalism conditions, everything is truthfully confidentially owned and class separates the society. Labor process is the la ck of control over the process of manufacturing. Marks supposed that working class has a complete right to control the result of its production in order to avoid the separation within the society and avoid creation of upper and lower classes. Division of labor, in accordance with Marx, is the basis the capitalism will fall and communism will arise. In the capitalist reality of Marx, division of labor is an essential condition for commodity manufacturing. Marx considered reforms and introduction of a new system of government as essential steps capitalist society should take (Marx and Engels 15). According to Marx, socialism is one of the most successful and necessary reforms of the government. He supposed that only socialism could help the country to avoid crisis and division of society. As Marx stated, socialism is a political and economic system that advocates communal or governmental possession and the management of the means of manufacturing and distribution of goods and services. In the ideal socialist society, there is no any private property and everyone cares for those less providential. In this system of government, everyone has usually the same quantity of money. This society is lack of upper classes or lower classes, there is only one middle class.   Many theorists say that this idea sounds like the utopia, as there is not such a model of society, where the others do not control the labor of ones. Socialism is able to increase the liberty of the society and lead to the equality between classes in the society. Obviously, capitalism has its own advantages, such as economic growth and rapid progress in science. However, its main result is division of society and lack of working class development. Comparing the works and ideas of Marx and gauge, we can say that they have a lot in common. Both of these political leaders were struggling for equity and rights. The views of both leaders were based on the essence of traditions and ideas of equity in rights of people of different classes. Despite the feminists’ points of view by Gouge, her reforms sound very reasonable, as they are devoted to the problems of equity between classes.   The works and ideas of Marx and Gauge were discussed and criticized by Edmund Burke. He believed that these kinds of revolutionary reforms are dangerous for the well-being of society. He considered that each flourishing political movement comprises diverse and often military elements bound together by more than power of feeling and the tempt of power, so it would be rater incorrect to look for untarnished ideological steadiness in a political party. He asserted that political movements and reforms are very dangerous for society as they van lead to conflicts and using of military forces (Burke 7). The thing is that our history did not witness such cases when any political reform was completely supported by every party and every member of society. There were many cases when the reforms and changes of the political ands social life resulted in the revolutionary and military conflicts. Obviously, stability is not a bad thing, but the way to it may result in different negative consequence s, such as conflicts and usage of military power. To my mind, I agree that the dedication to traditions and customs of society can really trump the dedication to the values and liberty, as people are so accustomed to old traditions and way of life and it is very difficult for them to dedicate themselves to something new. Probably, this is an explanation why we were living in the feudal society for so long period. Traditions are so penetrated into our life that it is difficult to imagine it without them. They deal with every sphere of modern life, including politics. Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France (Oxford World's Classics). New York:   Oxford University Press, 2009Lerner, Gerda. The Creation of Patriarchy (Women History). New York:   Oxford University Press, 2010Marx, Karle, Engels   Friedrich. The Communist Manifesto: New York: Indo-European Publishing.com, 2010 Marx, Karl. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. London: CreateSpace, 2010 Surhone, Lambert, Timpledon, Miriam.   Olympe de Gouges: Feminism, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, Patriarchy, Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre. Dallas: Betascript Publishing

Rhetorical analysis of malala Yousafzai's speech to the UN Essay

Rhetorical analysis of malala Yousafzai's speech to the UN - Essay Example The young child demonstrates incredible public speaking skills which enable her emotive message come through effectively. Her audience is people who value education and respect for human rights. At the start of her speech, she says that she is wearing the shawl of Benazir Bhutto. Benazir was a Pakistan leader who spent all her life fighting for education. Malala creates a connection with famous leaders and immediately buys the attention of the listeners. Her audiences, who most likely are in support of her ideas, have the knowledge about Benazir and hence it is strategic to mention her at the beginning of her speech. By associating with famous people who have spoken in such a platform before, she manages to command attention. She makes an impression of having knowledge of what she is about to speak about. As she continues giving her speech, she mentions famous leaders such as martin Luther, Mohammed Jinna and Nelson Mandela, who are known for their compassion. Although she is a Muslim, she says that her ideas are based on the mercy that both Jesus and Mohammed showed to the people. By mentioning this, she proves to represent children of all religions and hence is able to connect with her audience who may be of different faiths. Although she has been through brutality of people who don’t value education, she says that she has already forgiven those who did that to her. This brings out her humility, and it makes her speech more emotional. She says that they are many other people, who have gone through her situation, and some have died and others injured. By saying this, she manages to show that she is here to represent all the people who have gone through her situation. It also reveals that the issue affects many people, and it deserves much more attention. She says, â€Å"I am just one of them. So here I stand, one girl amongst many.† (United Nations,