Final Exam Essay

Final Exam Essay Final Exam Essay Chapter 11 – Simple linear regression Types of Regression Models (Sec. 11-1) Linear Regression: - Outcome of Dependent Variable (response) for ith experimental/sampling unit - Level of the Independent (predictor) variable for ith experimental/sampling unit - Linear (systematic) relation between Yi and Xi (aka conditional mean) - Mean of Y when X=0 (Y-intercept) - Change in mean of Y when X increases by 1 (slope) - Random error term Note that and are unknown parameters. We estimate them by the least squares method. Polynomial (Nonlinear) Regression: This model allows for a curvilinear (as opposed to straight line) relation. Both linear and polynomial regression are susceptible to problems when predictions of Y are made outside the range of the X values used to fit the model. This is referred to as extrapolation. Least Squares Estimation (Sec. 11-2) 1. Obtain a sample of n pairs (X1,Y1)†¦(Xn,Yn). 2. Plot the Y values on the vertical (up/down) axis versus their corresponding X values on the horizontal (left/right) axis. 3. Choose the line that minimizes the sum of squared vertical distances from observed values (Yi) to their fitted values ( ) Note: 4. b0 is the Y-intercept for the estimated regression equation 5. b1 is the slope of the estimated regression equation Measures of Variation (Sec. 11-3) Sums of Squares ï‚ § Total sum of squares = Regression sum of squares + Error sum of squares ï‚ § Total variation = Explained variation + Unexplained variation ï‚ § Total sum of squares (Total Variation): ï‚ § Regression sum of squares (Explained Variation): ï‚ § Error sum of squares (Unexplained Variation): Coefficients of Determination and Correlation Coefficient of Determination ï‚ § Proportion of variation in Y â€Å"explained† by the regression on X ï‚ § Coefficient of Correlation ï‚ § Measure of the direction and strength of the linear association between Y and X ï‚ § Standard Error of the Estimate (Residual Standard Deviation) ï‚ § Estimated standard

How to Manage Finances after College

How to Manage Finances after College Youve finished college and now you can learn the true meaning of adulthood: working hard and paying the bills. Its easy to think that youve recently graduated and may start worrying about money later. The problem with later, though, that it may never come. Soon youll find out that your life is far from that financial paradise you awaited. To avoid this situation, you need to know how to manage money after college. Here are some great tips that will help you stay on the right track. Have a Clear Sense of Monthly Expenses After college, youre going to have a lot of new expenses. Usually, they include the rent, food, clothes, utilities, transportation, and entertainment. You need to conduct some research to find out the cost of living: Figure out the average rent in your area and find information about how much it costs to share an apartment with a friend. Estimate how much money you need on food. Take your dietary habits into account. Determine the transportation costs. If you have a car, you do know how much money you need to use it every month. Think about what it costs to live in general. Consider purchases, gifts, cell phone, entertainment, etc. Once you have a clear understanding of where you stand and your monthly expenses, you can start creating a budget. 2. Make a Budget and Stick to It Getting used to living on a budget is a great habit for future. Creating a budget is the first step to your financial responsibility, thats why you need to take it seriously. Mapping up a budget will allow you to live within your means and avoid impulsive purchases. Once you have a list of your monthly expenses, you can start cutting some of them and find cheaper options to save some money. Remember that in creating your budget, it is important to start with the most essential things. Its always wise to limit entertainment and eating out if you feel that you cant stick to your financial plan. 3. Take Your Student Loans Seriously Paying off student loans can be daunting, but you shouldnt ignore these expenses. It is important to pay at least a minimum amount every month, and even a bit more if its possible. The secret is: the more you pay now, the less youll need to pay later! If you struggle with payment, think about choosing another payment plan. You can also ask a lender if it has forbearance program or can offer you another payment plan. There is always a way out, just make sure to pay your student loans on time and include these expenses into your monthly budget. 4. Save Money to Cover Unexpected Expenses You may think that you plan your expenses and try to stick to your budget, so you are set for life. But then something happens and you need an extra thousand dollars. Car crash, illness, moving costs the reasons can be various. How to get that much- needed cash? The answer is to save money in advance to have an emergency fund if necessary. Most people think that saving is something they can do later. But if you start saving right after college, you would be surprised at how much youll have in a couple of years. Therefore, make certain to have a room in your budget to be ready for any situation in future. 5. Plan for Your Retirement Wait, you just finished college and found a job and you need to think about your retirement? It may sound a bit weird, but yes. Retirement plans are crucial when you are still in your 20s. The earlier you begin saving, the better your future will be. Make sure to take this aspect of financial planning seriously and start contributing right away. Its never too early to start saving for retirement. The last advice to help you manage finances: Never spend more than you earn and always live within your means. May the wind always be at your back!

Law case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law case - Essay Example Beth's profits fell alarmingly. Beth advised Morris that financially she could no longer continue with the agreement and would have to close the business. Further, she accused Morris of knowing that the competitor was about to open up and therefore she was commencing legal action to rescind the contract based on fraudulent misrepresentation. Morris contacted Beth and made the following comments: "I absolutely deny your accusation. By my reckoning you still owe me $55,000. However, if you continue with the agreement I'll reduce that amount to $35,000." Beth accepted the deal. Six (6) months later Beth landed a huge contract laminating all the posters for a chain of tourist attractions along the north coast of New South Wales. Beth's profits have soared. Morris is now demanding that the original contract price be complied with (i.e. Beth pays the remaining $55,000). This discussion is going to specifically deal with what a valid contract contains, because if these elements are essential to determining a valid contract. This is done from a sale of goods perspective; however the basics are the same whatever the type of contract. Finally this discussion will stress the importance of these elements and the necessity for all three, i.e. agreement, consideration and intention, to be present or the contract is void or voidable. The first element that will be dealt with is the notion of agreement between the seller and the buyer. This element contains the ingredients of offer and acceptance. The notion of a valid offer has to be distinguished from a mere invitation to treat, for example goods in a store on display is a mere invitation to treat and an offer happens until the buyer takes the goods to the sales person and it is the discretion of the sales person to accept the individual's offer to buy. The sale of goods concerns a bilateral agreement whic h consists of an exchange of promises, i.e. Item on sale for 10.00 (Invitation to Treat); Item taken to till which equates to - I will buy this item for 10 pounds (Offer); 10 pounds asked for by sales person (Acceptance); hence important with the sales of goods, when it comes to the standing of an advertisement or goods display or the communication of acceptance because there has to be an exchange of promises as opposed to the offeror alone making a promise and the acceptance is the act that the offeror has promised to pay for (unilateral agreement), i.e. rewards for lost items returned to the offeror. Therefore the sale of goods concerns a bilateral agreement, where two promises are exchanged as the offer and acceptance. An offer is a clear promise to be bound, as long as terms are accepted. A valid offer must be clearly communicated by writing, mouth or act in order to allow the other person or group of persons1 to decline or accept. In relation to sales of goods there is no requi rement for the agreement and offer to be in writing, as with the sale of property; however the offer has to be certain in its terminology and must be clearly distinguishable from an invitation to treat. In respect to certainty of terms both parties must make their intentions clear, as the courts will not enforce a vague agreement2 or an incomplete agreement3; in addition it has to be more than a wish to enter negotiations, which the individual does not want to be bound (invitation to treat)4. Therefore the elements of a valid

Assessment Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessment Tools - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the Mobile Interaction Chart (MIF) is a flow chart used for the identification of older people who are prone to falling. It includes the observation of mobility level and ‘Stops Walking when Talking,’ the ‘DiffTUG, a test of vision and a rating of concentration. Having these complete details of observation makes valid information for the assessment. It is designed in order to evaluate older people living in residential areas and could be applied to older males and females, 65 years old and above. This assessment has been applied by the Department of Community Medicine as well as rehabilitation Physiotherapy and Geriatric Medicine (Sweden) and tested to be quick, easy and requires no expensive facilities.This paper outlines that Peter James Centre Fall Risk Assessment Tool also known as PJC-FRAT, is a new instrument which is designed in order to obtain a baseline fall risk assessment. This PJC-FRAT is used in a sub-acute rehabil itation setting and have been tried to male and female patients, 38-99 years old (average 80 years). It is a long term process that could be used by a team. Â  It can identify intervention that will prevent the patients from falling. According to Strudwick in terms of convenience and simplicity, this multidisciplinary tool is close to ideal since it can be easily incorporated to the nurses’ workflow and can be fitted into the routine duties without difficulty.... It is designed in order to evaluate older people living in residential areas and could be applied to older males and females, 65 years old and above. This assessment has been applied by the Department of Community Medicine as well as rehabilitation Physiotherapy and Geriatric Medicine (Sweden) and tested to be quick, easy and requires no expensive facilities. This tool could help nurses to deliver good and quality health care even in the residential areas where they deal with numerous older people in the absence expensive facilities and available resources. PJC-FRAT TOOLS Peter James Centre Fall Risk Assessment Tool also known as PJC-FRAT, is a new instrument which is designed in order to obtain a baseline fall risk assessment. This PJC-FRAT is used in a sub-acute rehabilitation setting and have been tried to male and female patients, 38-99 years old (average 80 years). It is a long term process that could be used by a team. It can identify intervention that will prevent the patients from falling. According to Strudwick (2006) in terms of convenience and simplicity, this multidisciplinary tool is close to ideal since it can be easily incorporated to the nurses' workflow and can be fitted into the routine duties without difficulty. Watson's Theory of Human Caring Patient-nurse interactions are involved in this theory. A phenomenon which is intrinsic to the core of nursing in 10-1tem "carative factors" framework was initially conceptualized by Watson. The framework was changed over time, from carative to "caritas," as the theory's merging elements which means love and caring, were transformed into deep interpersonal caring. Its framework tenets include humanistic-altruistic values; presence of faith-hope;

Desperation to help Catherine Essay Example for Free

Desperation to help Catherine Essay Manliness is a belief that you are a man, and for any one else to be a man too, they should be somewhat like you. Hostility is open hatred and enmity. These two are linked when a man believes that he is a true man, and he sees another man as not being a true man, and so he openly hates him as he is not a right person. This happens in the play as Eddie feels he is a man; however he doesnt think Rodolpho is a true man as he does not have the right priorities, and gets involved in feminine tasks. In this way, manliness and hostility are connected. This hostility can lead to aggression as aggression is hostile behaviour or actions. This hostility can lead to aggress as hostility is hatred, and if someone hates any other person, but this person does not react back with hatred, the person begins to get frustrated and angry; and his aggression builds up. This is shown in the play when Eddie continually tries to deprive and show Rodolpho down, yet Rodolpho never reacts back with hostility. We see there is only one time in the play, where Rodolpho tries to help Eddie to stop embarrassing himself; and tries to make Eddie stop insulting his going-to-be wife. He flings an attack onto Eddie through his desperation to help Catherine. This shows us that even Rodolpho has some aggression within him, and also shows us that when you are faced with hostility, you can also have a build of aggression within you. These two are connected in the ways shown. Manliness and aggression are linked by several strings. Manliness, as Eddie believes is power, and the only way for him to express his power is by using aggression. Due to his lack of emotions, he finds it hard to express what he wants to say, and so it is a natural instinct for him to use aggression to get his message across. Manliness is the belief that you are the dominant member, in any circumstance. However when we have more than one person fighting for this right, aggression becomes involved as it is the only way to show which is stronger and thus which one deserves that role. This is shown throughout Act Two, as Eddies power declines due to Marcos manliness. In each Eddie, Marco and Rodolpho, Miller gifts them with unique qualities which the audience can admire. In Eddie it is clear that Miller has given him the gift of self belief. Eddie did what he believed was right throughout the play, even though this led to his death. Miller uses Alfieris speech at the end to indicate this; but himself purely, for he allowed himself to be wholly known Eddie also cared very much about his family, especially his niece. He loved her so much, that due to his manliness, he could not resist his sexual desire for her; however he tried his hardest to do so, and he was successful, until Rodolpho arrived. The jealously within Eddie had reached such a high level along with his aggression shown by the stage directions, He looks at [Catherine] like a lost boy as he realised that all his life, he has loved someone very much, taken complete care of her. He even worked extra time to buy her stenography, because he wanted her to move up a class; but now a man who aint right has just stolen her from him. This quality, the quality of devotion to your family, and caring of everyone who is in it, even if they are not your own children, is one than should also be admired in Eddie. This quality is also significant in Marcos character. Marco loves his family very much and has sacrificed his home to risk his life to migrate to America in order to earn some money so that he can send back to them; who can live a happier life than before. This is shown when Marco says, what can I do? The older one is sick in the chest. My wife she feeds them from her own mouth they will never grow up they eat the sunshine. He also is protective of Rodolpho as he knows he is weaker than him, and as he is his brother, it is his duty to help him. When this scene took place, it was a key moment as Eddie understood that if he should pick on someone his own size. Another quality which would have been much admired would be Marcos politeness, as well as his straightforwardness and simplicity. This is shown, as mentioned before, when he says to Eddie, when you say we go, we go. This shows us that he has respect for them as they are letting his and his brother stay in their house, but as soon as they feel they need to have their house back he and Rodolpho will leave. It is also a symbol of politeness, and indicated his straightforwardness. Rodolpho has the quality of being unique. He was very different, appearance, character and belief wise compared to most men in the Sicilian era. A quality which should be admired is his persistent politeness even when other people mainly Eddie are rude to him. He always tries to uplift a dull conversation and he is the kind of person who always wants happiness. He does not change his uniqueness to be just like everyone else as like Eddie, he also things that what he believes in is right. As this is a play, I will discuss that several, very effective dramatic techniques used by Miller. He has created this play which in many aspects would have shocked a number of the audience members at the time it will performed. Certain stage directions would have indicated sexually attraction or desire at that time, however when read now; it may not strike any significance. For example when Catherine lights a cigar for him Eddie or when we hear of how she sits on the bath as he shaves and walks around in her slip, we are being told about their relationship. These actions tell us that even without being lovers; they have the kind of intimacy only lovers should have. This would have been an explicit piece of evidence that there was some sort of sexual relationship between the uncle and the niece, however depending on interpretation by the actors, this moment many have more or less sexual undertones. However, this is not of much importance, but the symbolism of other parts of the play is. If we look carefully at the ending of the play, we say a lot of minute dramatic effects which have a lot of importance. Earlier in the play, we see that Eddie pays a lot of attention to the story of Vinnie Bolzano. Miller uses this technique so that the audience are certain of how much Eddie hates betrayal, and also to show us his belief in loyalty to family and community. However Eddie does exactly the opposite of what he was preaching, and this enables the audience to see how much his manliness, hostility and aggression changed him and his beliefs. When the Officers arrive, and take all four immigrants away, including two other submarines who stayed with the Laiparis, on the apartment above Eddies , Miller shows us in his stage directions that Louise barely turns then walks off and exits down right with Mike, only Beatrice is left on the stoop. This symbolises that Eddie is now alone. Lipari and his wife, Louis and Mike, the stage representatives of the wider community, one by one leave Eddie alone, symbolizing his isolation. We then see another very important dramatic technique used by Miller. Miller makes Eddie remove the knife, and this is so that now Marco can justify whatever actions follow. This makes some people feel that Miller was slightly more partial towards Marco. When Eddie lunges the knife, Marco grabs Eddies arm and turns the blade inward. However this action has more depth that what it seems to have at first. It tells us that Eddie literally dies by his own hand as his hand holds the knife, and thus he is killed by his own weapon, however it can metaphorically stand for the gradual deterioration of himself throughout the play itself. We then read that Eddie falls to his knees before Marco. This technique shows the audience that the better man won, and also shows us Marcos manliness, hostility and aggression. It symbolises the downfall of Eddies authority and power, and the rise of Marcos. In certain cases, what Miller has written and instructed can be interpreted differently depending of different factors. This is mentioned above, where Catherine light the cigar for Eddie. Another thing the Miller puts in the play is the definite variation in the way each character speaks. I will briefly go through the syntax of each character. Eddie speaks in the syntax of Red Hook, generally like most men in Brooklyn a low class neighbourhood. It is clear that he is not very well educated as he uses a lot of slang words and his the way he says words is shown by Miller, for example he says, bowin, goin, slidin, stayin and so on; instead of the full words which proves the point. Beatrice and Catherine speak almost the same syntax, but the feminine type, which in some cases is very much similar. For example Catherine says to Eddie, we wasnt goin and Beatrice uses wanna several times. This indicates the similarity to Eddies syntax. Marco speaks relatively little throughout Act One and through most of Act Two. Miller tries to show the audience that Marco finds it hard to understand and speak English as fluently as Rodolpho. He may be insinuating the difference in intelligence between the two brothers one who is very similar to Eddie. Marco speaks very simply, but says what he wants to say straightforwardly this represents his general character as throughout the play we do not see he speak a lot but we understand his character just as well as the others. His English language is very basic but understandable which backs up the point that Marco is thoughtful, and that he is a man of action, rather than words. Rodolpho on the other hand speaks unnatural exactness. He uses a variety of words and all his words are English but the phrases are not always idiomatic. This is shown to the audience when he first recalls vivid details of his life in Sicily. He describes them with accurate words which give us the impression that he is well-educated. In some cases he also gives poetic comparisons, sown when he compares Catherine to a little bird that has not been allowed to fly. Alfieri is the only character in the play that we see speaks in formal American-English. This is probably as Miller has included him in the play as he said that he wanted to make this play a modern equivalent of classical Greek tragedy. If we look at ancient plays, an essential part or it was that of the chorus. These were a group of figures who would watch the action, comment on it, and address the audience directly. This is basically what Alfieri does. He introduces the action as a retelling of events already in the recent past. By giving details of place, date or time, he enables the action to move swiftly from one episode to another, without the characters having to give this information. This makes the play run much ore smoothly, and more effectively and if for some reason the audience did not understand what had just happened, Alfieri gives a summary at the end of each act. This is how Miller uses Alfieris American-English to help in the play, and it also shows us what role he had, apart from being a Lawyer.

Report On Westside Gym :: Papers

Report On Westside Gym Introduction This report will be research and development of a gym called â€Å"Westside Health & Fitness Club†. I will talk about the location of the gym, price per customer, offers, new ways to improve the gym, and research into what the customer wants. This report aims to use research and development to create innovative ideas that will set this gym apart from others in the area. Findings With regards to the location of the gym, the evidence suggests that the location is well placed, due to the easy accessibility of the facilities. It is also located next to a supermarket, so can be seen by many shoppers. Place is an essential tool of the marketing mix and if achieved a business can do extremely well for itself. Price is also an essential tool of the marketing mix. A survey showed that 81% thought that the price of the gym was fair for the quality of service that is received by the customers. The other 19% believed the price was too high but were willing to pay for the facilities. A good pricing strategy is a must for a business to succeed, too high and customers will go elsewhere for the service. Too low and the business may not make enough profit to succeed in the long term. Cost of Gym Membership: Student Rate Adult Rate Joining Fee  £40.00  £50.00 Monthly payment  £28.95  £38.95 Pay As You Go  £2.50  £5.

Hamlet is known to be the most popular play written by Shakespeare Essay

Hamlet is known to be the most popular play written by Shakespeare. It is also, by a significant margin, the longest of Shakespeare’s plays. It has been translated to many languages and has become the subject of excited and critical debate more than any other work of literature. The play was written around 1602 or 1603 at a period of time when Elizabethan London was a melting pot of unique intellectual and artistic ferment. For Shakespeare at the turn of the century, when he addressed himself to the Hamlet story, contradiction and the uncertainty of attitude towards revenge would have been part of the air he breathed. He must also have been familiar with a considerable body of literature in which revenge was a central concern. Hamlet must have been written shortly after Julius Caesar (1599), another revenge play. At two moments in Hamlet the killing of Caesar is remembered. Julius Caesar had contained a vengeful ghost. Hamlet complicates the story by directing attention to three linked father-and-son pairs: old Hamlet and the prince who has inherited his name but not his kingdom, old Fortinbras and a son whose situation is similar to that of Hamlet but whose character is very different, Polonius and Laertes. All three fathers die by violence. All three sons feel responsible to take revenge, but the response of each to his task is completely different. There is also the absorbing debate about sexuality and sexual morality. As society continues to change the nature of that debate shifts but the basic issues dealt with in Hamlet remain fundamental to man and this is perhaps the reason why a four hundred year old text in Elizabethan English continues to excite people from so many different cultures and ideologies. Act 3 Scene 4 takes place in Gertrude’s closet. Here a series of fast paced events takes place. Hamlet â€Å"speaking daggers† to his mother, Polonius murdered accidentally, Hamlet’s second and final meeting with the ghost, the re-joining of the mother-son bond all fall under this scene. Shakespeare makes this scene very important through the use of language, style, setting etc. This scene follows the ‘play within a play’ performed by the players in Act 3 Scene 3. Hamlet had used the play to â€Å"catch the conscience of the King. † Hamlet aims to get both the King and Queen’s conscience through the play. He gets her by questioning â€Å"Madam, how do you like this play? † showing how he wants to make her feel guilty. Act 3 Scene 4 is somewhat a continuation of his quest to free his mother from her incestuous sin. It also follows Claudius’ plotting with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to kill Hamlet in England and Polonius’ plan to spy on Hamlet when he approaches his mother in the closet. The scene begins as a kind of dramatic parallel to Act 3 Scene 1: Polonius eavesdropping, Gertrude speaking to her son. As before with Ophelia Hamlet comes face to face with somebody to whom he was once close to but from whom he has been deliberately separated. The murder of King Hamlet and the marriage of Queen Gertrude all are the cause of this break-up. The discussion between mother and son, the only extended one in the play, concentrates upon how her sexual lust has led her to leave her â€Å"wholesome brother† for â€Å"a mildewed ear†. This is the only scene where mother and son are alone (excluding Polonius). Hence Shakespeare is able to bring out Hamlet’s feelings and opinions about his mother’s incestuous crime. His opening lines itself show his mockery of the rhythm and the words of her reprimand. Hamlet turns the finger of accusation to her; he turns the tables on her through his language. † Queen: Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended. Hamlet: Mother, you have my father much offended. Queen: Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue. Hamlet: Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue. † Hamlet also makes his purpose clear: â€Å"You go not till I set you up on a glass where you may see the innermost part of you†.